Condensed Matter Physics: Superconductivity and the Meissner Effect
Cool it, and electrical resistance drops to zero
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Superconductivity & the Meissner Effect
Let's look at superconductivity, where cooling makes resistance vanish.
Resistance Drops to Zero
As the temperature drops, resistance suddenly falls to zero at the critical temperature. This is superconductivity.
How Electrons Move
In normal metals, electrons hit vibrating atoms. In a superconductor, electrons pair up and glide through without colliding.
Current Keeps Flowing
With no resistance, current sent around the ring keeps flowing, without fading.
The Meissner Effect
A superconductor expels magnetic fields from inside. This Meissner effect makes a magnet float.
How Cold It Must Be
At first, they had to be cooled to minus 269 degrees, but some materials now work at minus 196, using liquid nitrogen.
Where It's Used
MRI scanners and maglev trains use superconductivity, and so do particle accelerators.
Two Key Traits of Superconductors
Zero resistance and pushing out magnetic fields are the two key traits of superconductors.
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