The Refrigeration Cycle of an Air Conditioner (Heat Pump)
How a heat pump moves heat
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AC Refrigeration Cycle
An air conditioner is a heat pump that moves heat by circulating a substance called refrigerant.
A Loop Through 4 Parts
The refrigerant flows through 4 parts, the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator, in a closed loop of pipes.
① Compressor
When cooling, the compressor first squeezes the refrigerant gas, making it hot and high-pressure.
② Condenser
In the outdoor unit's condenser, heat is released to the outside air, and the refrigerant turns into a liquid.
③ Expansion Valve
When the expansion valve drops the pressure all at once, the refrigerant becomes cold.
④ Evaporator
In the indoor unit's evaporator, the refrigerant takes heat from the room air and evaporates, cooling the room.
Reverse the Flow to Heat
For heating, a four-way valve reverses the refrigerant flow, releasing heat on the indoor side.
Moving Heat, Not Making It
Because an air conditioner moves heat instead of making it, it can move more heat than the electrical energy it uses.
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