Charging and Discharging a Lithium-Ion Battery
How charging and discharging work
1:03 · 720p · With AI narration and captions. This sample was made with the same system as this service.
Narration (full text)
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The Lithium-Ion Battery
Lithium-ion batteries are used in smartphones and many other devices. Inside, lithium ions move back and forth between the electrodes.
Inside the Battery
The negative electrode is made of graphite, and the positive one of a material such as lithium cobalt oxide. Electrolyte fills the space between them, divided by a separator.
Discharge: Using Power
When discharging, lithium ions move through the electrolyte from the negative electrode to the positive one. Electrons flow through the outer wire and light the bulb.
Charge: Storing Power
When charging, the charger pushes electrons and lithium ions back to the negative electrode. This is how the battery stores electricity.
Gaps Between Graphite Layers
Graphite is made of layers of carbon atoms joined in hexagons, stacked on top of one another. Lithium ions slip into the gaps between these layers.
Ions Shuttle Back and Forth
Through charging and discharging, lithium ions move back and forth between the electrodes. That's why the battery can be used again and again.
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