How Polymerization Makes Plastic
Polymerization: small molecules → long chains
0:54 · 720p · With AI narration and captions. This sample was made with the same system as this service.
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How Plastic Is Made
Plastics are made of polymers, giant molecules formed by linking many small molecules together. Let's see how it works.
Ethylene's Double Bond
In ethylene, the two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond. In addition polymerization, one of the two bonds opens up, and the molecules link to their neighbors one after another.
Polyethylene
This is how polyethylene is made. It's a long chain of thousands or more ethylene molecules linked together.
Tangled Chains
These long chains are tangled together in complex ways. This tangle is what gives plastic its strength and its flexibility.
Shaping with Heat
Most plastics soften when heated, because the chains can slide past each other more easily. Put it in a mold and cool it, and it hardens in that shape.
Small Molecules, Long Chains
Plastic is a polymer: small monomers joined by polymerization into long chains.
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